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KMID : 0368919980130020067
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Shim-Song Yon-Gu
1998 Volume.13 No. 2 p.67 ~ p.106
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The Study on Vasubandhu´s "The Thirty Stanzas" in the Perspective of Analytical Psychology
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Abstract
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This article is a comparative study of the perspective of Analytical Psychology on "The Thirty Stanzas" of Vasubandhu who lived in India around the 4th and 5th centuries especially about alaya-vijnana and manasvijfiana.
Buddhism is the religion that has the goal to resolve sufferings by the introspective search of their origins and it has lots of psychological insights. Among the many branches of Buddhism, Yogacara Buddhism has the most abundant psychological contents which involve detailed descriptions of psychic structures and functions. Vasubandhu was the accomplisher of Yogacara Buddhism and "The Thirty Stanzas" is the masterpiece among his works.
"The Thirty Stanzas" explains the human depth psyche by the eight types of consciousnesses. It explains the psychic phenomena by the seed(bija) theory and ´the transformation of the consciousness(vijnana-parinama)´.
"The Thirty Stanzas" insists that everything is ´perception-only(vijapti-matra)´.
´The store-consciousness(alaya-vijnana)´ that is the origin of all psychic and materialistic phenomena is the 8th consciousness. The consciousness of ´Iness´, manas, is the 7th consciousness.
Such an insight of Yogacara Buddhism about the human psyche shows similarities and differences compared with the Analytical Psychology of C. G. Jung who had lived in the 20th century. He observed psychic phenomena, tried to understand the symbolic meaning of the unconscious materials, and finally found that the recovery of the relation between consciousness and unconsciousness and the process of Self-realization were important to heal the wounded psyche.
The meanings of "The Thirty Stanzas" are understood by the help of "Ch´eng Wei-Shin Luri´ that is the annotation book written by Hsuan Tsang and they are compared with the similar concept of Analytical Psychology to discuss similarities and differences.
The concepts of Consciousness(vijnana), total psyche and objective psyche are discussed and concepts of projection and psychic reality are compared with the concept of ´perception-only´.
Seeds and complexes have many similar aspects and concepts of ´appropriations(upatta)´ and ´states(sthana)´ are discussed in terms of the relation between material and psyche and between mind and body. The psychic function and the indeterminate nature of the 8th consciousness are also discussed in the light of four functions and the concept of good and evil in analytical psychology.
The function and the nature of Manas are discussed and compared with the concept of ego in analytical psychology.
By this comparison study, "The Thirty Stanzas" and Analytical Psychology show differences that originate from the different backgrounds that are religion vs. science and east vs. west. They also have many similarities in their understanding of the psychic structure and functions that are reached by introspective observation. These similarities enhance the understanding of the two thoughts mutually.
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